Normal aortic valve : 3-4cm2< 2cm2 : clinically significant aortic stenosis< 0.8cm2 : severe aortic stenosis Aortic stenosis is the most common form of valvular heart disease for valve replacement. Transcatheter arotic valve implantation or replacement (TAVI/TAVR) Reference)Charles S. White, Linda B. Haramati, Joseph Jen-Sho Chen, and Jeffrey M. Levsky (2014), Cardiac Imaging, Oxford university pressMarc … Read more
Reference)Charles S. White, Linda B. Haramati, Joseph Jen-Sho Chen, and Jeffrey M. Levsky (2014), Cardiac Imaging, Oxford university press
Patent foramen ovale is an Incomplete closure of the interatrial septum at birth Shunt-like contrast column from left atrium to right atrium, between septum primum and septum secondum Left-to-right shunt Potential cause of cryptogenic stroke and paradoxical emboli – Valsalva maneuver could make it to flow opposite way 25% of population, decreases in older age … Read more
Higher pressures in the left side of the heart ➔ Left-to-right shunt ➔ Volume overload in right side heart ➔ Right side heart dilatation / enlargement of pulmonary artery (increased pulmonary vascular markings on chest radiograph) Atrial left-to-right shunt ➔ decreased volume load on the aorta ➔ decreased size of aorta (underdeveloped) Reference)Charles S. White, … Read more
2. TAPVR is categorized on the basis of where the pulmonary veins terminate – Type 1 : Supracardiac, 45% Common pulmonary vein ➔ Left vertical vein ➔ Left innominate vein/Azygos vein ➔ SVC ➔ Right atrium – Type 2 : Cardiac, 23% Right atrium or coronary sinus – Type 3 : Infracardiac, 21% Confluence of … Read more
1. Atrial situs : SIASitus Solitus (Normal)Situs Inversus (usually with Mirror Image Dextrocardia) – Left-right reversal of the cardiac chambers coupled with a right sided stomach, right apex, and usually right arch. – A slightly increased risk (3-5%) of congenital heart disease (Most commonly corrected transposition) – Patients with Kartagener’s syndrome (Situs inversus with mirror … Read more
Cyanotic congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow(1-2) L-transposition of the great arteries (Congenitally corrected TGA, L-TGA) Classified as {S, L, L} in segmental sequential analysis and there is no cyanosis in this disease on birth (due to its hemodynamically normal condition without cardiac anomaly). Blood flow in congenitally corrected TGA– Systemic circulation ➔ … Read more
Cyanotic congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow (1-1) D-transposition of the great arteries (Complete TGA) In D-TGA, the aortic root is anterior and to the right of pulmonary artery root, in contrast to the normal situation, where the aorta is posterior and to the right. Systemic circuit In D-TGA(deoxygenated blood)IVC, SVC ➔ Right … Read more
Reference)Charles S. White, Linda B. Haramati, Joseph Jen-Sho Chen, and Jeffrey M. Levsky (2014), Cardiac Imaging, Oxford university press
Reference)Charles S. White, Linda B. Haramati, Joseph Jen-Sho Chen, and Jeffrey M. Levsky (2014), Cardiac Imaging, Oxford university press