** Neuronal migration disorder ** Nodular heterotopias – subependymal heterotopia: most common– subcortical heterotopia Diffuse heterotopias – band heterotopia: Now this entity is classified as a spectrum of lissencephaly ; also known as double cortex heterotopia and X-linked lissencephaly (chromosome Xq22.3) ; double cortex sign : thin interface of WM between the band heterotopia and … Read more
CLINICAL FINDINGS – Neonatal jaundice with conjugated (direct) hyperbilirubinemia ; Affects 1 in 10,000-13,000 newborn infants – Kasai portoenterostomy temporarily effective in 90% if performed < 2 months of age; ↓ to < 50% if > 3 months – Liver transplant ultimately required in most by adulthood, even with prompt Kasai ; Due to gradual … Read more
Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) syndrome is a rare congenital coronary artery anomaly. There are two types of ALCAPA syndrome: the infant type and the adult type, each of which has different manifestations and outcomes. Infants experience myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure, and approximately 90% die within … Read more
Rare vascular anomaly causing dilatation of azygos vein Over 80% of patients are related with left isomerism Hepatic veins are directly drain into right atrium
Reference)Charles S. White, Linda B. Haramati, Joseph Jen-Sho Chen, and Jeffrey M. Levsky (2014), Cardiac Imaging, Oxford university press
Patient history– An 18 year-old female came to hospital due to amenorrhea with lower abdominal pain.the patient had menarche at 13 year-old, but since 14 year-old she had no menstruation. Female genital tract development 1) Ductal development– Undifferentiated gonads with idential paired genital ducts (Wolffian & Mullerian duct)– Absence of Y chromosome → Differentiation into … Read more
